双亲纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及提高渗吸采收率性能

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂，以双氧水为氧化剂，在水基环境下对亲水纳米SiO2颗粒表面进行改性，得到具有磺酸基和辛基的双亲纳米SiO2颗粒，并通过红外和热重对其化学结构和热稳定性进行分析。将双亲纳米SiO2颗粒分散在地层水中制备纳米流体，并评价纳米流体的稳定性、界面性质和渗吸效率。利用核磁共振技术探究纳米流体渗吸过程中岩心孔隙内原油运移规律。结果表明，纳米流体储存30 d未出现分层现象，表现出良好的稳定性；经纳米流体处理的岩心亲水性增强。此外，双亲纳米SiO2颗粒将油水界面张力降低至1.7 mN/m；纳米流体渗吸采收率高达22.6%，渗吸初始阶段小孔隙中的原油被动用，而在渗吸后期阶段大孔隙中的原油才被动用。     

Phase constitution,microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing

In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.     

苯乙烯化工装置场地岩土及地下水指标分析及应用

通过对苯乙烯装置场区的岩土结构进行承载力试验,并对岩土及地下水进行化学离子分析及水压试验,定量评价岩土及地下水的特征.结果表明:泥岩的重力密度、黏聚力最大,残积土的黏聚力和承载力最大,粉质黏土的压缩模量最大;SO42-和HCO4-二者质量分数相对较高,特别是粉砂中,可见具有一定的腐蚀性,其中粉质黏土的pH值为6.57,显酸性,而粉土和粉砂的pH值大于7,略显碱性.开展岩土载荷试验,得出随着荷载值的增加、施加荷载时间的增大,岩土的累积变形尺寸逐渐增大,值域在0～35之间.显示SO42-和HCO4-是地下水中的主要成分,地层水的pH值小于7,地层水主要以弱酸性为主,其对构建物及地基有腐蚀作用,因此须要对地基岩土进行防腐处理,保持地基的抗腐蚀性.地下水随压力的升高,流量相应增大,结合地下实际流量值采取相应排水措施和装置,防止地下岩土层遭到破坏,从而保证苯乙烯装置的顺利安装和安全生产.     

用COMSOL实现圆波导中电磁波的可视化

为了直观描述金属圆波导中电磁场复杂的空间分布,本文用Comsol软件对金属圆波导中的TE11模、TE01模、和TM01模的电磁场结构进行动态仿真.将电磁场中的抽象概念形象化、可视化,使学生看清电磁场分布的宏观概况和细节变化,开拓了视野,同时加深了学生对电磁波传播特性的理解.     

典型石油污染土壤中PAHs污染特征分析

为探讨废弃井场中土壤PAHs污染状况,采取江汉油田废弃井场土壤样品,对16种PAHS的质量分数及组成特征和垂直分布特征进行研究.结果表明:分析样品中∑16PAHs质量分数范围0.0084～2.5956μg·g-1,146号采样点PAHs质量分数均大于147号采样点,PAHS组成多以2～3环为主,∑16PAHs和单体分布基本一致,其中土壤层位在0～20 cm时,菲(Phe)、荧蒽(Flu)、屈(chr)占比较大,为主要污染物;147号采样点,PAHs多以5～6环为主,屈(Chry)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)占比较大,土壤∑16PAHs和单体质量分数随深度增加而减小.通过单组分比值(Ant/(Ant+Phe))的分析得出,146号采样点土壤中PAHs多为石油源,而147号采样点土壤中的PAHs多为燃烧源,且Fla/(Fla+Pyr)比值大于0.5,说明来源于煤、植物、木炭燃烧.     

高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展

介绍了高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展，重点阐释了聚合物基体的结构特性（链结构、分子间相互作用、取向、结晶度等）、导热填料（种类、含量、形态、尺寸等）以及制备方法等对高分子材料导热性能的影响。     

高地压严重突出区域下向穿层钻孔预抽消突技术

利用工作面高抽巷施工掩护顺槽掘进工作面下向穿层条带预抽钻孔,通过对钻场底板深、浅孔注浆封堵围岩裂隙解决了孔内返水不畅难题;采取了"两堵一注"封孔方式确保封孔严密不漏气;孔内全程下吹水管,实现了单孔、分组、定时吹水工作目标,提高了下向消突钻孔抽采效果,形成了一套高效、快速的下向穿层钻孔消突管理模式,实现了高地压严重突出区域煤层高效消突以及技术经济一体化目标,安全经济效益显著。